???????????? ?????????? / ??????????????????? ???????????????????: ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ? ??????????????????? ???????????????

Дата: 2009-04-03 22:14

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??????????? ??????-???????????? ??????????? “????????” ?? ?? “????????????”



??????? ??????????????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? [1, 2]. ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????????, ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? (??????? ????????????? – 0,3–1,1 %), ???????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? [13, 35]. ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????. ? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????? (????) ?????????? ?????????????, ??????????? ? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ? ???????? ???????. ???????? ?? ??, ??? ??????????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ? ????????? ???? ???????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????, ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? [4, 7, 20, 24, 31].

???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? [14, 18, 29, 30]. ? ??????? ??????????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????????, ? ????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ? ???????????? ??????. ????????, ???? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? (50 % ? ??????).

? ????. 1 ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ? ????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????, ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? 2D ???? ? ???????? ???????? ???????, ???????? ?????????????? ??????????: ???????????????? ? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? 90 ? 92 % [17]. ? ?????? ??????? [22, 23] ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????????, ? ???????????????? ? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????? 40–85 ? 37–97 %.



????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????, ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ? ????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????. ?????? ?????? 3D-?????????? ? ??????????????? “??????” ? ?????????????? ? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????????????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????????? (38 %) ? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? (95 %) [23]. ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????? ? ????????????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ?? 65–90 ? 70–95 % [14, 18, 29, 30]. ?????? ? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ? ???????? ?????? ???????? (54–60 %), ? ? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????? – 50 % [10, 19, 36]. ?????? ? ????? ???????, ? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ??????????????? “??????” ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????????????. ??? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ? ????????????? ????????? ???????????????? ? ????????????? ???? ??? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? 65–75 ? 82–93 % [3, 16]. ? ????????????? ????????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? 3D ???? ??????????????????? ???????????? ? ????????????? ?????????. ? ???? ????????????? (????????????? [33] ? ?????????????? [15]) ?? ???????????? ??????? ????????? (????? 100 ? ??????) ???????????? ????? ?????? ????????????????????? ???????????????? ? ????????????? – ?????????????? 83–88 ? 86–91 %. ?????????? ?????? ???? ????????????, ??????????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????????? ???????????, ?? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? [26] – ???????????????? ???????? 94 % ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? (57 %).

??? ????????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????: ?????? ????? ???????? ???????, ???????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????, ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ???????. ?????????? 3D-?????????? ???? ? ????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????????, ????? ??? ??????????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? 5–6 ??, ??? ???????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? – ?????????????? 2–4 ? 7–8 ?? [15, 33]. ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????, ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ?????????. ????? ???????, ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????, ??? ? ?????? ???????, ??? ? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ? ?? ?????????? ? ??????? ?????, ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????????.

??? ???? ? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????????????? ???????? (50 % ? ??????) ???????? ??????? ??????????? ?????. ?????????? ????????, ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? (3D ????????? ? ????????????? ?????????, 3D ????????? ? ??????????????? “??????” ? 3D ??????????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ???????) ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????? (? ??????? 80 %) ???????? ??????? ? 80 % ?????? ?? ???????????? ? ?????????????? 80 % ??????? ? ??????????? ???????? ?????? (“??????? 80 %”) [24]. ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????, ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????, ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????.



??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? (“??????-???????????”) ?????????????????? ???? ? ?????? ?????????? (???-??????????) ? ???????? ???????????? ??????? [21, 27]. ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????, ????????? ?????? ?????????, ???????? ?????? ? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????, ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????????. ????????, ??? ? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????????????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ???? ? ?????? ?????????????? ?? 60–85 % [9]. ?????????? ??????????? ???? ? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ? ?????????????? ???????? ???????, ? ?? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ? ????????? ????????? [34]. ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ? ????????? ??????????? ??????? (????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ? ???????? ????????? ? ????????? ?????).

? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????? [28]. ? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ? ????????? ? ??????????????? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????????????? [11]. ??? ???? ????????, ??? ? 15 (?? 17) ????????? ? ????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????????? (50 % ? ??????) ???????? ??????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????? (82 %) ? ????????????? (100 %) ??????. ?????????? ????????, ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ????????????????? ?????? ????????.

? ????? ????????, ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??????/???, ? ????? – ?????????? ? ????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ???????????. ????? ????, ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ?????? ? ?? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????.

? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????????? ???????? “??????????” ????????/?????. ? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? (??? ?????????? “????????????” ????????? ???????????? [25, 33]) ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? ????????? ???????? ??????/??? ? ??????? ??????????????????? ?????. ???????? “????????????” ????????????, ??????????? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????, ???????? ???????? SMASH (simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics – ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????) [5, 6] ? SENSE (sensitive encoding technique – ???????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????????) [38]. ???????? ???? “????????????” ???????????? ??????????? ? ????????????? ? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ???????, ??? ? ???? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????????. ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ??????? ????????? ? ???????? “???”. ? ??????? ??????? SENSE ? SMASH ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ????? ????????, ??????????? ? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ????, ? ????? ????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???? (? ?????) “???????” ???????? ??????, ??????????? ????? [12, 37].

???????? ???????? SENSE ?????? “???????” ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ? ?????????????? ??????? “K-????????????”, ??????? ???????????? (?? ???? ??????????? ??????????) ??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????. ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??? ?????????? (????????) ????????????? ???????????, ??? ?????????? ? ??????????? ???????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???? [37].

? ??????? ???????? SMASH – ???????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? (?? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? (????????, “???????”) ???????? ? ??????? K-???????????? ? ???????????? ????????????? ?????-??????????????) – ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? [32, 38].

? ????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????????????? ??????????. ???????? ???? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ???????.

??????????
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