?.????????, ???????? ??????????? ??. ?.?.????????? ?? ??? ?? ??, ??????
?????? ???????? ???????? (??) ?????????? ??????????????? ???????????: ??????? ???????? ??? (???) ? ????????????? ???????? ??????? (????). ????????, ??? ????? 50% ??????? ? ????????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ????, ? ? 80% ??????? ? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ???. ?? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ?? [3], ??????? ??? ? ????????? ?????????? 160/100 ??? ????????? ? ???, ? ????????? ???? — 60/100 ???.
? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ????????, ????????? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ??, ? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????, ????????????? ? ????????????? ????????????? ??? ? ????????? ??????? ????. ?? ??????, ??????????? ? ??????????? "??????????" ??? ????????? ????????? ?.????????? [1], ? 1999 ?. ? ????????? ?????? ???????????????? 240 ??? ??? ? 100 ??? ????. ????????, ??? 4 ?? 5 ??? ????????? ????????????, ???????? ????? ???, ????????, ?????????? ?? ????? 1 ??? ??????? ? ???.
??????????? ??. ?????????????? ?????????????? (????) — ???????? ????????? ????? ??????????? — ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????????????, ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????. ??????? ?????????? ? ??????????? ??? ????????? ??????????????????? ???????????, ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????????, ??????? ???????????? ????????????, ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??? ???????? ????????????. ???????????? ?????? ?????????????????? — D-????? — ??? ??????? (97%) ???????????????? ???????? ??????? (54%) ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ??.
???????? ??????? ????? ??, ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ???/????. ???????? ??????? ?????, ????????? ? ??????????? ?????????????: ??????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ??????? — ???????????? III, ????????? C, S.
???????????? ??????? ???????? ? ??????????? ? ??????, ? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ? ????????? ?????????? ????? 1%. ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????????-???????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ? 5—10% ??????? ? ?? [18]. ??????? ?? ? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ? ???/????, ???????? ???????? ????????, ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????????? ???????????.
? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???????????? V ??????? ? ??????????????? ???????? ?, ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? V. ???????? ???????????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ? ???????????? ???????? Va ? VIIIa ??????????? ?????. ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? Va ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????? ? ? ???????? ???????????? ??????? Va ? ??????????????? ???????? ?. ??? ?????????, ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ? ?????????? (?? 5%), ? ? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????????? ???? ? ????????? 11—21% [6, 21]. ????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????.
??????? ??????????? G20210A, ?????????? ?????????? ??????? VIII ? ???????????????????? ????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????????????.
???? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ?????? ????????????? ? ??? ?????? 40 ??? ????????? ???????????? ??, ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ? ????.
??????? ?????????????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ??. ?? ?????? ????-??????? [29], ? ??????? ? ????????? ??????? ????????? (???) ? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ? 6 ??? ?? ????????? ? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????????. ????-?????? 7 ????????????, ?????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ? ????????????, ?? ??? ???, ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ? ????? ? ???????? ?? [30].
?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ? ?????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ??? ? ????. ?????? ?????, ??? ???????. ?? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????? [2], ??????? ???????????????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ??. ???? ?? ?????????? ? ??????? ? 1,9 ??? ? ?????? ??????????? ??????. ???????????? [11] ????? ????????, ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???/???? ? ??? ?????? 75 ??? ??? ? 1,3—2,0 ???? ????, ??? ? ??????? 65 ???.
? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? (???????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????), ??????, ?????????????? ???????????, ?????? ??????? ????????, ????????, ?????? ????????? ? ??????????? ???????????????, ???????, ??????????? ????????? ???????????????, ???????????? ??????????, ????????????? ???????, ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????, ????????, ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???, ?????????????, ?????????? ??????????? ? ??????? ?????????, ???????????? ? ????, ? ????? ??????? ?? ? ????????.
????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ? ?????????????? ??. ????? 22 ??????? ?? ??????? ????????????, ??????????? ? 1997 [7], ?????????, ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ? 5 ???. ??????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????? 3-?? ????????? ????? ??????????? 2-?? ????????? ??? [16, 27]. ?????? ??????? ?????? [26], ??? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ??????, ? ????? ?????????.
?????????????? ???????????? ??????? (???) ? ?????? ??????????? ????????? (??? ???????, ? ???? ???????????? 1/4 ?? ????, ???????????? ??? ????????????) ? ?????????????? ???????????? ? ??????? ? 2—4 ???? ??????????? ???? ?? [5, 7]. ? ???????????? HERS ? ??????, ?????????? ??? ? ?????????? ???, ??????? ?? ????????? ? 2,7 ???? ????. ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ????????? ????? ? ???????? ??????????? ? ?????? 2 ???? ?? ?????? ??? [10]. ????????, ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????????.
???????????? ???/????. ?? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ? ???????????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???/???? ? ??????? [16] (????. 1).
???????????????? ???????????? ?? ? ???????, ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????????, ???????? ? ??????????? ? ???????-????????????? ?????????????.
?????????? ???????????????????? ???????? (???) ? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????????????? ??? ???????? ?? 2/3, ? ???? ???????? ???? — ? 2 ???? (??????????? ?? 40±11%, ????????? ?? 64±11%) [13, 15]. ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???/???? ??????????? ??? ?? 5000 ?? ?????? 8—12 ? ? ??????? 7—14 ????.
???????? ? ?????? ???????????? ????? (????) ?????? ??????????????? ???? ??? ???????????? ???/???? [14, 24, 27]. ???????? ????? ????????????? ???? ??? ???????????? ?? ? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????????? ? ????. 2.
??? ???????????? ??? ? ???? ? ????????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????, ? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ? ???? ????????, ??????, ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????. ??? ?? ?????, ?????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ?? ???????????.
??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??, ??? ?? ?????, ?????????? ????-??????? 80 ????????????, 53 ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ????????????? ??????????, ????????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ? ??????? 2 ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ? 34 ?? 25%.
???????? — ??????? ???????, ?????????? ???????? ????? ? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????, ????? ?????????????? ???? ? ????????????? ????? ???????, ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? (?? 5000 ?? ?? 4—6 ?), ??? ?????????? ? ??????????? ???????. ????? ????, ??? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????.
???? ???????????? ???????? ? ? ???????????? ??? ? ???? ? ????????????? ??????? ???????? ? ?????????????? ?????????????: ? ??????? ???????, ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?, ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? 0 ?? 36% (? ??????? — 7,7%), ? ??????? ??????? — ?? 1,1 ?? 56% (? ??????? — 20,8%). ?????? ? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? — ????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ? ????? ???????? (?? 2 ?? 7%), ??? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?? 0,08 ?? 0,1%. ?? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????? ? ???????????? ??? ? ???? ? ??? ? ??????????????.
???? ? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ? ???????? ????????????? ???????????? ???/???? ??????????, ?? ? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??????? ????????????, ?????? ?????, ??-?? ???????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????????. ?? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????, ?????????? ?? ??????????? 392 ??????, ??????????? ? 998 ??????? ? 1951 ?? 1976 ?., ???? ??? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ? 15,6% ???????. ? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? (82%) ???? ???? ??????? ? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ? ???? ? 18% ???????? ? ????? ? ????????????? ??????????????. ?????????, ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ? 64% ????????????? ? ???? ? 26% ??????????????? ???????.
???????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? MEDENOX [25], ? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ? ???????????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ???/???? ? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ? ????????????? ?????????????? ?? ????? 6 ????. ?????? ????? ? ???????????????? ???????????? ???/???? ? ??????? ? ???????? 73,4± 10,5 ???, ??????????????????? ? ????? ? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????? (??????????? ????????? ? ??????????? ???????????????, ? ????? ?????? ????????, ??????? ? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????) ? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? 3 ????. ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ? ???? 40 ?? ? ??????? 6—14 ???? ? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? 63%, ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? 3 ??? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ? ???????????????.
??????? ???/????. ?????????? ??? ? ??????? 10—14 ???? ? ??????????? 3-???????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????? ? ??????? ? ??? ? ???? ????? ???????? ? ??????????? ???????? ? ???. ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ?????? — 4—5 ????. V.Kakkar (1994) ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ?? ????? 7 ????, ???????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????.
?????????????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ? ???: 5000 ?? ??????? ? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????? 1000 ??/?. ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????? (????), ??????? ?????????? ????? 6 ? ?? ?????? ???????, ???????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ? 1,5—2,5 ???? ?? ????????? ? ????????. ?? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???. ???????? ? ????????? ???????? ????????, ???????? ? ?????????, ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????. ????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? 5000 ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ???? 500 ??/??, ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? 12 ?.
???? ?????????????????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ? ????????????, ?? ? ??????? ??? [17, 19].
??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ? ???????. ??? ???????, ?? ????????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ? ??????? 7 ????. ??????????? ???????? ? ????????? ?? 3—5 ???? ?? ?????? ????????, ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ???, ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? 2,0—3,0. ???????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???? (????????, ????????) ??-?? ?????? ??????????????????? ??????? ? ????? ?????????????? ???????.
???????????????? ????????? — ? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ?? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????????. ?????????, ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ????? 7 ????, ?????????? ???????????????? ? ????????????, ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????. ??????????? ???????? ? ??????? 48—72 ? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????. ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? 24—48 ?, ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? 2—3 ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????? 2 ?.
???????? 9 ????????????????? ????????????, ? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ? ??????? ??? ?????????? ? ??????? ????????. ? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????? ? ??????? 1—5 ???? ???????? ? 2/3 ???????, ? ? ?????? ???????? — ? 1/4. ?????????, ????????????? ???????? ???????????, ???????? "???????" ??????, ??? ????????????, ??????? ???????? ????????. ?????? ????? ?????? ????????????, ?????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ? ??????????, ? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????? ? ????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????, ????????? ? ???? (UPET), ?? ?????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????????? ??? ??? [28].
??????????? ??? ????. ???????????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????, ???????? ? ??????? ? ????????????? ????????????????? ????????????, ???????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????????? ????????????????. ???? ?? ????????? 25—30 ??? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??? ???? [4, 8, 9, 12, 20], ??????????, ??? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????, ??? ??? ????????????? ????????, ????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????, ? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? [29] ? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????? [30], ???????????? ????????????? ????, ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????, ???. ??????, ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????????????? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ? ?????????. ?? ?????? ??????????? ????????????, ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????.
????????????? ???? ????????????? ??? ??????? ????. ???????? ????????? ???????????? (??????????) — 100 ?? ??????????? ?? 2 ?. ????????? — 4 400 ??/?? ?? 10 ???, ????? 4 400 ??/??/? ? ??????? 12—24 ?. ????????????? — 250 000 ?? ? ??????? 30 ???, ????? ??????? 100 000 ??/? ? ??????? 24 ?. ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??? ???? ?????????? 14 ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????.
??????????
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